矿业废弃地的特点及其环境影响

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MINING WASTELAND AND ITS IMPACTS ON ENVIRONMENT

采矿活动所形成的废弃地具有众多极端理化性质,主要表现为物理结构不良、贫瘠、极端pH值、重金属含量过高、干旱等方面,对矿区景观、土地资源、水环境、生物多样性等均产生了巨大影响并危及人类的生存与健康,影响区域的可持续发展。因此必须采取有效措施,加强矿业废弃地的治理,以实现资源开发与环境保护、经济发展相协调。主要措施有:完善矿区环境保护法规;推广清洁开采与洁净技术;加快矿业废弃地的复垦与植被修复;加强国际合作与交流。

Mining wastelands have many extreme physic-chemical properties: bad physical texture, poor fertilizers, extreme pH, high content of heavy metals and drought etc. All these characteristics have great impacts on the landscape, soil sources, water environment and biological diversity of mining area. And what's more they have endangered the human health and the regional sustainable development. So some effective measures must be done to harmonize resource exploitation, environment protections and economic development. Several measures have been laid out in this article: perfecting the present codes, popularizing the clean technique, quickening the steps of restoration, enhancing the cooperation and intercommunion with foreign countries are very important.