中西古代科学的文化基因比较——关于“李约瑟难题”的探讨

The Comparison of Chinese and Western Science in Culture Gene——About the Research of Joseph Needham′s Difficult Problem

对“李约瑟难题”的研究已经有许多有价值的探讨。文章跳出从中国历史寻找答案的做法,试图从文化的宏观角度作一研究。认为中国传统科学具有“知行合一”、“天人合一”和彻底经验主义等文化基因,与此相反,西方科学则具有强烈的“爱知”、“主客二分”、逻辑和检验等文化基因,从而导致中西科学在近代走向不同的道路。

Joseph Needham's difficult problem was explored valuably by many scholars. This thesis tries to explore this problem in the macroscopical culture, but not in single and narrow aspect of the Chinese history that was followed by former scholars. This thesis thinks that the old Chinese science is provided with culture gene, including knowing and acting being combined into one, human being syncretising nature and empiricism. However, the western science is provided with its particular gene, for example, knowledge-liking,dichotomic of subject and object ,logic and test. Therefore, Chinese science's future is different from the western science's future.