民国时期“闯关东”运动的特点探析

Analysis on the Characteristics of the Migration Movement from North China to Northeast China during the Republic of China

民国以来,华北民众的"闯关东"运动持续发展,至20世纪20年代中后期达到顶峰。然而,"九·一八"事变的爆发使整个人口迁移的形势为之一变。事变后闯关移民的年龄、性别、职业构成、地域分布等方面与事变前迥然不同,呈现出新的特点。通过对民国时期"闯关东"运动特点的考察,可以看出,"九·一八"事变前,华北向东北的人口迁移是我国农村劳动力的自由流动,其性质属于中国人口自发的国内转移,是中华民族自身的客观调节运动。事变后,进入东北地区的华北人口,不再是自由流入谋生,而是被作为"苦力"招骗而来,其实质是为日本的经济侵略和殖民统治服务。

Since the Republic of China, Migration Movement from North China to Northeast China of the people North China kept developing and reached the peak at middle and later period of 1920's. However, breaking out of the September 18th Incident largely changed the situation of population migration. So, after the September 18th Incident, age structure, sex structure and profession structure, the region's distribution and so on were utterly different from those of before the September 18th Incident, and emerged new features. By Investigation on the Trends of Migration Movement from North China to Northeast China during the Republic of China, we can conclude that the population migration before the September 18th Incident was free flowing of labor forces in the country of China, its quality belonged to spontaneous internal moving of Chinese population, was a kind of objective regulating movement of the Chinese nation itself. After that, the population coming from North China did not make a living freely any more, was deceived and recruited as 'coolie', its quality was serving for Japan's economic aggression and colonization rule.