冠心病临床表现与冠状动脉造影的对比分析

Comparative analysis of clinical manifestations and coronary arteriography of coronary heart disease

目的通过对不同年龄疑诊或确诊为冠心病患者的症状、病程、心电图(ECG)ST-T改变、血液生化与冠状动脉造影(CAG)结果分别进行对比分析,旨在评价应用ECG与CAG对不同年龄冠心病患者的诊断价值. 方法在疑诊或确诊为冠心病并进行CAG的患者中抽取216例进行回顾性分析.将其分为非老年组(45～59岁)及老年组(≥60岁);按照有ECG ST-T改变伴典型心前区闷痛和不伴典型心前区闷痛者分为A、B组.对比分析不同年龄组A、B组间CAG与ECG的改变,及其心前区闷痛的病程、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血小板(PLT)、纤维蛋白原(Fg). 结果非老年组CAG阳性A组占88.8%,B组占56.3%, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).老年组CAG阳性A组占90.8%,B组占80.0%,差异无统计学意义(P＜0.05).老年A组TC、LDL-C、Fg明显高于B组,非老年A组TC、TG、LDL-C、Fg 明显高于B组(均为P＞0.05或P＞0.01).老年组患者心前区闷痛病史明显长于非老年组,多支病变明显多于单支病变. 结论 ECG ST-T 改变伴典型心前区闷痛在诊断冠心病中的价值优于仅有ST-T改变者,特别是对于非老年患者单纯ST-T改变不能作为诊断冠心病的依据,应结合患者典型的心前区闷痛症状、病程、TC、TG、LDL-C、Fg结果综合作出判断;CAG可提高冠心病的诊断符合率,减少误诊、漏诊率.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic significance of ECG and coronary arteriography (CAG) in coronary heart disease in different age groups. Methods totally 216 cases of suspected or CAG-confirmed coronary heart disease were retrospectively analyzed. The non-elderly group included patients aged 45-59 years, and the elderly one was older than 60. Patients in each group were further divided into subgroup A and B with or without the pain in heart front area, respectively, accompanied by ST-T change in ECG. Comparative analysis of CAG and ECG changes was done between different age groups, and between subgroup A and B. The history of pain in heart front area, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), platelet count (PLT), and fibrinogen (Fg) were also analyzed for clinical diagnosis. Results In the non-elderly, positive CAG was 88.8% in subgroup A while 56.3% in group B ( P<0.001). In the elderly, however, positive CAG was 90.8% in subgroup A while 80.0% in group B ( P>0.05). TC, LDL-C, and Fg were significantly higher in subgroup A than in subgroup B for the elderly group. But in non-elderly, TC, TG, LDL-C, and Fg in subgroup A were significantly higher than those in subgroup B(all P<0.05 or 0.01). There were no significant differences in PLT and HDL-C between subgroup A and B in two age groups (P>0.05). The history of pain in heart front area was longer in the elderly, and also in this age group, more patients showed multivessel involvement. Conclusions ST-T change of ECG accompanied by classical pain in heart front area is more valuable than single ST-T change in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease, especially among non-elderly patients. ST-T change could not be used simply as a tool to diagnose coronary heart disease. The diagnosis should be made generally considering the typical symptom of the pain in heart front area, clinical history, TC, TG, LDL-C, and Fg. CAG could increase the positive diagnostic rate of coronary heart disease and decrease the rate of misdiagnosis as well.