“抑商”思想与明清官僚经商

The Thinking of Restraining Merchants and Officials Running Business in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

“抑商”思想一直是封建社会的主流经济思想,它指的并不是抑制商业,而是抑制商人,尤其是抑制中小商人。如果没有认识到这一点,那么对于明清时期蔚然成风的官僚经商现象,就会以为是对“抑商”传统的偏离。作者在探讨“抑商”思想本质的基础上,解释明清官僚经商与各种各样抑商措施并存并不是矛盾的,相反倒是一种统一。同时,明清时期抑商政策的继续推行和发展,对于中国社会经济的发展,以至于社会形态的更替无疑也是一种巨大的阻力。

The thinking of restraining merchants was the main economic thinking in the feudal society. It did not mean restraining commerce, but restraining merchants, particularly middle and small merchants. If one does not understand this, he will think that the common practice of officials running business in the Ming and Qing dynasties was the departure from the tradition of restraining merchants. The author points out that officials running business and all kinds of measures of restraining merchants are not contradictory, but unified. And that thinking of restraining merchants remained in implementation in the Ming and Qing dynasties was a great obstruction for the development of Chinese social economy and the change of social transformation.