2004年北京SARS的传播及诊断特点分析

Analysis on characteristics of transmission and diagnosis of SARS in Beijing in 2004

目的 分析2 0 0 4年北京SARS再次发生时的传播和诊断特点,为今后更有效地作好SARS防制工作提供有益的信息。方法 应用现场调查资料对2 0 0 4年北京SARS发生和发展过程,以及诊断概况进行描述,并结合2 0 0 3年北京SARS流行情况进行简要的对比分析。结果 2 0 0 4年北京共发现7例SARS感染病例,其中男性2例,女性5例,年龄为2 0～4 9岁。首例SARS确诊病人是从事与SARS病毒有关的实验室研究人员。第1例病例发病到最后1例病例发病的时间间隔为14d ,最短和最长潜伏期为3～12d。感染方式主要仍为近距离密切接触。全部病人均以发热为首发症状,肺部均出现片状阴影或病变。在病例诊断中,病原学诊断依据和血清抗体检测已成为最重要的确诊依据之一。结论 2 0 0 4年北京SARS的传播源于实验室感染,加强实验室管理,消除实验室感染和传播隐患是今后防控SARS等传染病的关键环节。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of transmission and diagnosis of SARS in Beijing in the year of 2004.To provide the suggestion f or the prevention and control of SARS.Methods With the data collected from the field survey on SARS epidemic in Beijing in the year of 2004,the process of onset and epidemic o f SARS and the characteristic of diagnosis about SARS were described.Results 7 SARS cases(2 men and 5 women)aged between 20 an d 49 were found.The first case of SARS was a researcher working at a virus labor atory.The interval of onset time between the first case and the last one was 14 days .The shortest and the longest incubation period were 3 and 12 days,respectively. The main approach of infection was close contact in the near distance.All of the cases had a fever or pathological changes in lungs.The pathogenic detection and serum antibody test of SARS were the main criterion for SARS diagnosis.Conclusion The infection from the virus laboratory was co nsidered as the source of epidemic of SARS in Beijing,2004.With the analysis of SARS infection chain,‘charge phenomena’which was found in the process of SARS transmission in 2003 was observed again.Strengthening the management of laborat ory and removing the hidden troubles of infection transmission in laboratory wer e the key factors for preventing the SARS and other infectious diseases in the f uture.