超低温(-196℃)保存11年后小麦种子的活力

Study on Vigor of Wheat Seeds After Storage in LN_2 (-196℃) for 11 Years

三种含水量的春小麦品种他诺瑞种子,在超低温(-196℃)保存11年后,种子的发芽势、发芽率同保存前相比,没有明显变化,田间生长正常。经超低温保存的种子根尖细胞有丝分裂后期染色体异常频率在2.00％～3.64％之间,对照种子染色体异常频率为2.45％。保存后,种子的醇溶蛋白质电泳图谱没有发生变化,过氧化物酶同工酶谱同对照相比也没有明显变化,酶带数目相同。只是由于种子含水量不同,其酶带颜色有差异,含水量11.5％的种子,酶带颜色最深,活性最强;含水量5.8％的种子,酶带颜色最浅、活性弱。

Seeds of spring wheat ( Triticum estivumL. ) cv. 'Tanori' with three different water contens 16.0%, 11.5% and 5.8% were stored in LN2 (-196℃ ) for 11 years. The germination energy and the germination percentage of the stored seeds showed no signifiant change when compared with those of seeds before storage. The tiller mumber of plant, flowering time, spiketet number of major ear and plant height from seed stored in LN2were as normal as control sample. The frequency of aberrant chromosomes at mitosis anaphase in root cell of stored seeds was 2.00%- 3.64%, while the frequency for the control sample was 2.45%. The electrophoregrams of the alcohol soluble proteins of stored seeds and their progenies showed no significant difference as compared with that of control seeds and their progenies showed no significant difference as comparde with that of control seeds (unstorage) . Control sample and stored seeds with three differenl water contents had same patterns of peroxidase isozyme and same band number. The color of their peroxidase isozyme band varied according to their different water conlents. Seeds with 11.5% water content had the darkest band of peroxidase isozyme and the strongest activity of peroxidase. The lightest band of peroxidase isozyme and weak vigor belonged to seeds with 5.8% water content.