语序和信息结构:对粤语易位句的语用分析

Word order and information structure:The discourse-functional analysis of dislocation in Cantonese

本文尝试对粤语句子的多变语序进行分析和解释。发现在粤语口语里,篇章和人际主位虚化为话语标记后,既可以出现在经验主位的前面、也可以出现在后面,加上主位和述位可以相互易位,便造成了粤语语序灵活多变的现象。这种现象是语用现象,反映了句法和语用的错配。为此,本文用"信息结构"来处理说话人的心理预设和句子形式结构之间的关系。信息结构是语法体系的组成部分,和形态、句法、语义、韵律等结构相互映射。利用信息结构理论,本文重新分析了粤语易位句的生成动因,并探讨了常规句、易位句和话题句等问题。

This paper attempts to give a systematic account of word order variations in Cantonese from the point of view of discourse-functional linguistics.Data from the Corpus of Spoken Cantonese show that elements that serve as the textual theme and interpersonal theme have been grammaticalized as discourse markers.They may occur either before or after the experiential theme.Besides that, theme and rheme can be mutually inverted.Their combined effects give rise to the Cantonese word order variation,thus underlining the mismatch between pragmatic and canonical syntactic structures.Upon this basis,this paper proposes the information structure as one component of the grammar.The relationship between speaker assumptions and syntactic configuration would then be captureable via mapping between information structure,morphosyntax,semantics,and prosody. Following that,we re-analyse the motivation of dislocation in Cantonese,and consider the problem of canonical,dislocational and topical sentences.