道家的“虚静”说与审美创造自由心态论

On the Taoist Doctrine of "Nihility and Peace" and the Liberal Mood in Aesthetic Creation

“虚静”说源出于道家哲学,老庄认为道的基本特征就在于“虚”和“静”。其时,“虚静”属于人生哲学范畴。在特定的历史语境中,“虚静”哲学范畴被进行了美学改造,从而使得“虚静”具有了艺术创作论和审美态度论的双重内蕴。西方的“静观”说作为一种重要的审美态度理论,它与中国古典关学的“虚静”说在审美创造的自由心态的论述层面上是基本一致的。在对苏轼论“空”、“静”的个案研究中进一步揭示和论证了虚静(静空)与审美创造自由心态之间的关系。

The 'Xu-Jing' theory originates in Taoist philosophy. According to Laozi and Zhuangzi, the essential characteristics of Tao are 'Xu' (nihility) and 'Jing' (peace). At that time, 'Xu-Jing' belonged to the category of life philosophy. In a specific historical context, the Xu-Jing ' theory was aesthetically remolded so that it possessed a dual intension of artistic creation as well as aesthetic attitude. The 'sensuous contemplation' theory of the West, as an important theory of aesthetic attitude, is virtually in agreement with the 'Xu-Jing' theory of China' s ancient aesthetics in expounding the liberal mood in aesthetic creation. By doing a case study of Su-shi' s theory of 'kong' (xu, nihility) and 'Jing' (peace), this essay further substantiates the relationship between 'Xu-Jing' (kong-jing) and the liberal mood in aesthetic creation.