自然保护区的建立与持续发展的关系

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ESTABLISHMENT OF NATURE RESERVES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

自然保护区的建立已被世界公认是一种保护自然资源最有效的方法之一。但是长期以来,人们把对维持生物种类的持续发展以及生态系统的完整性都归功于较为传统的封闭式保护。事实证明这已导致保护与持续发展长期处于矛盾状态而得不到解决。自从联合国教科文组织人与生物圈计划提出“生物圈保护区”的概念以来,打破了长期以来对自然保护区的封闭式管理。强调通过保护自然资源而发展和利用资源,并使这些资源能够持续发展。注重把自然保护与科学研究,环境监测、示范、环境教育与当地人民的参与结合起来。

The establishment of nature reserves has been acknowledged in the world as one of the most efficient approaches to safeguarding natural resources. But for a long time, it has been believed that the maintainance of sustainable development of living spiecies and integrity of ecosystems is due to conventional closed conservation. Practices have proved that it has led to the unsettled conflict between conservation and sustainable development. Since the concept of biosphere reserve has been proposed by the Man and the Biosphere (MAB) programme of UNESCO, the closed management of nature reserves has been broken. The programme emphasizes developing and sustainably using resources through conservation of natural resources and focuses on conservation combined with scientific research, environment monitoring, demonstration, environmental education and local people's participation. This method has been practiced in Wuyishan Nature Reserve in China and notable results have been yielded.