气候变化和人类活动对历史时期黄河决溢的影响

IMPACT OF CLIMATIC CHANGE AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE BURST OF THE YELLOW RIVER IN HISTORY

本文统计分析了历史时期黄河决溢的变化。并从自然和人为因素两方面探讨其原因和规律。认为在湿润的气候时期黄河决溢频率增高,其原因是本地区高强度的暴雨造成了黄土高原严重的水土流失,从而使黄河中下游大量的泥沙沉积。人类特别是小冰期以来加强了对黄土高原的开发,破坏了原先的植被,从而造成了严重的水土流失,这是小冰期以来黄河决溢次数远远高于其它时期的主要原因。作者还认为在下世纪高温环境到来之际,黄河决溢的危险性大大增加。

This articles makes a statistical analysis of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River burst in history, and sorted out the cause and the law of the burst in natural origin and human origin. The result shows that the frequency of the Yellow River burst would increase during the wet period. The account for the occurrence was severe soil erosion that was caused by heavy rain in the wet period, which also caused a lot of sand deposition in the riverbed of the middle and lower reaches of the river. Human activities were also an importent cause for river burst. Since Little Ice Age when human activities intensified in Loess Plateau, primitive vegetation was destroyed, causing severe soil erosion. Human activities are a main cause that accounts for the higher frequency of the river burst than in other periods. The paper believes that the danger of the Yellow River burst will be increased in the next century with a higher temperature environment.