日本汽车产业的构造特征与发展趋向

Structural Features and Developmental Trends of Japan's Automobile Industries

日本汽车产业按照产业序列不同将汽车整车厂家和零部件厂家组织成金字塔型结构,在这种构造中,整车企业与众多的零部件企业建立了系列化的、连续交易制度,这种制度在20世纪90年代后受到挑战。汽车厂家受市场不振的影响,逐渐调整经营战略,采取了扩大海外生产、改革零部件采购方式、削减产品成本和部件单元化与标准化以及缩短新车开发周期等主要措施。零部件企业也根据汽车厂家的战略变化调整了自己的生存战略。

The car assemblers and parts manufacturers of the Japanese automobile industry are structured in a pyramid shape according to their sequential order. Within this kind of structure, a sequential and consecutive transaction system has been established among the car assemblers and the numerous parts producers. This system, however, has been challenged since the 1990s. Under the influence of the stagnant market, automobile manufacturers began to gradually adjust their operational strategies by expanding overseas production, reforming parts purchasing patterns, cutting down cost, standardizing the parts and shortening new car development cycles, etc. The car parts producers, at the same time, also adjusted their own survival strategies accordingly.