八倍体小滨麦与硬粒小麦杂交F_1的细胞遗传学研究

Cytogenetic Studies of F_1 Hybrid between Octoploid Tritileymus and Triticum durum

八倍体小滨麦(OctoploidTritileymus)与硬粒小麦(Triticumdurum)的杂交研究结果表明以八倍体小滨麦作母本,硬粒小麦作父本时,杂交结实率较高,平均为28.47%,而其反交结实率较低,平均仅为5.84%。杂种F1自交结实率极低,平均为1.11%;F1形态兼具硬粒小麦、普通小麦(Triticumaestivum)和滨麦(L.mollis)特性;杂种F1PMCMI染色体构型主要是14 +14 ,平均为13.51 +13.82 +0.14 +0.10 +0.02 ,普通小麦D染色体组与滨麦J、N染色体组配对频率分别为3.02%和3.57%,说明D组与J、N组间基本无同源关系。同时杂种F1PMC后期有落后染色体排列在赤道板上,末期和末期出现大量二分孢子、四分孢子带微核现象。

The crossing between Octoploid Tritileymus and Triticum durum were studied. Average seed setting of 28.47% and 5.84% were observed from the cross of amphiploid Octoploid Tritileymus × Triticum durum and the reciprocal one respectively. The rate of self-fertility of F_1 was very low(average only 1.11%). The morpho-agronomic character of F_1 simultaneously had the traits of T. durum,T. aestivum and L. mollis. Most of the PMCs had 14Ⅱ+14Ⅰat MI. Average configuration of chromosomes was 13.51Ⅰ+13.82Ⅱ+0.14Ⅲ+0.10Ⅳ+0.02Ⅴ. The further meiotic analysis indicated that the rate of homologues pairing was only 3.02% and 3.57% between genomes D (from T. aestivum) and J or N (from L. mollis) respectively. It suggested that the two genomes might not have the homologues chromosomes. At the same time, the laggard chromosomes on the equatorial plate at anaphase I and a large number of bispore or quartet with micronucleus at telophase Ⅰ, telophase Ⅱ were discovered.