浅析结构独立的比况表达式

An Analysis of Structurally-independent Comparative Expressions

结构独立的比况表达式与结构不独立的比况表达式既有差异性,又有共同点。差异性是,结构独立的比况表达式主要由短语和句子构成,在单句中充当谓语和状语,在复句中充当分句并与其他分句构成解注关系,其结构形式为S+X+Y式;结构不独立的比况表达式主要由短语和词构成,在单句中能充当主语以外的各种基本成分,不能充当复句中的分句,其结构形式不受限制,S+X+Y式或X+Y式均可。共同点是,“X”都是由体词性词语和谓词性词语构成;当“X”是短语时,其内部结构一般都是主谓、偏正、述宾、述补关系。

Through an exploration of structurally-independent comparative expressions from the aspects of the structural unit of 'X' and so on, the writer of this paper points out that, there are both difference and similarity between structurally-independent and structurally-dependent comparative expressions. The difference is that structurally-independent comparative expressions are mainly composed of phrases and sentences, acting as predicates and adverbials in simple sentences and as clauses in complex sentences forming an annotating relationship with other clauses and the structural form is S+X+Y; structurally-dependent comparative expressions are mainly composed of phrases and words, acting as all the other basic elements except subjects in simple sentences but not as clauses in complex sentences, and the structural form is unrestricted, either S+X+Y or X+Y. The similarity is that'X' is composed of nominal and predicate phrases, and that, when 'X' is a phrase, its internal structure is normally a subject-predicate, or head-modifier, or predicate-object, or predicate-complement relationship.