中国传统民粹主义和民本主义中的士人角色

Intellectuals in China’s Traditional Elitism and People-Orientism

民粹主义与民本主义的认知,主要是以对脑体分工的曲解为前提,将士从农工商的复杂关系里剥离出来,使士人形成“知识原罪意识”;再以“知识原罪”为逻辑起点,推演出传统士人特有的民粹心态和带有歧义的民本主义价值观。这种通过“重农———重民———民本”的逻辑推进而植入对士人的复杂认知过程,决定了士人的社会定位与自我定位:他们既被贬,也自贬。中国传统社会,是从对士人的隐蔽性贬抑转向公开实施反智主义的政策;使士人在社会地位不断降低的同时,不得不走上依附体制的道路。他们依附体制的心理轨迹与封建制度的刚性规定不期而合:一是由进入庙堂而“恒产化”形成的顺向耦合;二是知识罪恶感与反智主义政策的无奈耦合。这两种耦合强化了他们对体制的依附性,给中国知识分子以后的角色转换带来了难度。

In the cognition of elitism and people-oriented in China's traditional society, there was a logical development process 'physiocracy - demos-regarded - people-oriented'. Mainly commencing with the division of society and premising with the misinterpreting to the division between brainwork and bodywork, a consciousness of 'knowledge original sin' engendered in the traditional intellectuals, and was regarded as the logical beginning of further deducting the psychological condition and people-oriented with different meanings. Therefore, intellectuals of the traditional society were suppressed step by step. At the same time, the personality position of traditional intellectuals was debased continuously by the anti-intellect policy and 'Character Jail' measures adopted by the feudal regime so that they had to almost totally adhere to the feudal system. In this process, a special coupling was engendered between the mental evolvement of intellectuals and the rigidity of feudality. This coupling could only strengthen the adherence of intellectuals to the political power, which will lead to the difficulty to the conversion of intellectuals in the future.