无害性审查:行政许可性质新说

Harmless Examination: New Analysis of the Nature of Administrative License

关于行政许可的性质,传统的“赋权说”和“解禁说”等都存在理论上的不足。从社会功能的角度看,行政许可是一种政府规制社会经济活动的事前调控机制,防止危险是其最主要、最基本的功能。从权利相对性的角度看,行政许可是对权利的限制,目的是为了防止权利的滥用侵害他人权利及公共利益。基于上述认识,行政许可的性质应当是“无害性审查”。

Traditional theories on the nature of the administrative license are not perfect. Concerning its social function, administrative license whose function is to prevent dangers, is a mechanism by which government to regulate economic activities beforehand. If we see it from the angle of the relativity of the right, administrative license limits the right of the private party, and its purpose is to protect other people's rights and public interest from infraction by right abusing. Therefore, the nature of the administrative license should be harmless examination.