犯罪本质特征新说——社会学与刑法学立场分野下的认识

New Argumentation on the Substantial Characteristic of Crime

行为具有严重的社会危害性,在社会学意义上无疑是犯罪。但在刑法学意义上讲,却并非如此。刑法上的犯罪,离不开法律的规定。刑事违法性,是立法者将那些具有严重社会危害性的行为纳入犯罪圈的标识,是判定罪与非罪的惟一标准。在个罪成立与否的判定中,既要考虑刑法分则的规定,也要考虑刑法总则规定的犯罪定义,以防止形式的犯罪构成解释论。在刑法学中,犯罪的本质特征应该是立法者选定的行为的严重社会危害性,而非仅为行为的严重社会危害性。

Behaviors with serious social harm are to be considered as criminal offences in sociology, but it is not the case in criminal law. Criminal offences in criminal law cannot separate from the provisions of law. An infringement of criminal law is the model with which legislator select the behaviors with serious harm to be regarded as crimes, it is also the only standard to recognize whether a behavior is a criminal offence or not. In order to prevent formal interpretation on the constitution of crime, we should pay attention to both provisions of special crimes and the definition of crime in the General Principles of China's Criminal Code. In criminal jurisprudence, the substantial characteristic of crime is the behavior selected by legislator with serious social harm, not only the behavior with social harm.