高家镇旧石器遗址1998年出土的石制品

The Stone Artifacts Excavated from Gaojiazhen Paleolithic Site in 1998

高家镇遗址是三峡地区一处重要的旧石器时代遗址。遗址埋藏于长江右岸第Ⅲ级基座阶地内。1995年和1998年经过两次发掘,揭露面积456m2,出土石制品2500余件,其中1998年在B区发掘出土石制品719件。石制品类型包括石器、石核、石片和断块等。古人类选取河卵石为原料运用锤击法剥片和加工石器;石器以大型为主,毛坯多为石核和完整石片,砍砸器是石器的主要类型;石器加工较简单,多数单向加工。石器工业具有中国南方旧石器时代主工业鲜明特点。地貌和地层对比,显示该遗址可能与冉家路口遗址同时,处于中更新世晚期。

The Gaojiazhen Paleolithic site, buried in the third terrace of the right bank of the Yangtze River, is located in the Guihuacun village, Gaojiazhen town, Fengdu county, Chongqing. The site was excavated in 1995 and 1998, exposing an area of about 456m^2, as past of the salvage archeological project in the Three Gorges Region.Four stratigraphic layers were identified at the site, with the total thickness of more than 9 meters. Archaeological materials were mainly unearthed from the 4^(th) layer, a layer of alluvial pebbles, 2.0—2.5m in thickness, 174—178m above the sea-level. A total of 719 stone artifacts were unearthed.The stone assemblage includes cores (340), flakes (192), chunks (102) and retouched tools (85). The general features of these artifacts are summarized as follows:1) Stone raw materials exploited at the site were locally available from ancient riverbeds. More than 5 kinds of raw material were utilized in core reduction and tool manufacture: silicarenite, quartzite, hypabyssal irruptive rock, volcanic breccia rock and lava. Silicarenite is the predominant raw material used for producing stone artifacts at the site.2) The principal flaking technique at the site is direct hammer percussion without core preparation.3) About 8.3 percent of flakes could have been utilized directly without modification.4) Major blanks for tool fabrication are cores and pebbles (15.8%), followed by complete flakes and incomplete flakes.5) Most tools are large in size.6) Chopper is the dominating tool type, followed by scraper, pick and notch.7) Modified tools appear to be retouched by direct hammer percussion, mostly unifically retouched on the vental surface of blanks.The Gaojiazhen stone tool assemblage shows close tie with the Main Industry in South China. Geomorphological comparison has yielded an age close to upper Middle Pleistocene. Comparative studies indicated that the lithic technology of the Three Gorges Region might serve as a technological link between Paleolithic industries from the Sichuan Basin and that from the lower reach of the Yangtze River.