我国棉花抗枯黄萎病品种纤维品质遗传改良评价

Genetic Improvements on Fiber Quality of Cotton Varieties with Resistance to Fusarium and Verticillium Wilt in China

对我国108个抗枯、黄萎病骨干品种的纤维品质进行了分析,整体表现纤维较长,27mm以下的品种较少;比强度平均值较低,但也有少数高强力品种;马克隆值较大,纤维较粗。20世纪60-90年代抗病育种对纤维品质未明显改进,纤维长度、比强度、马克隆值平均值均无显著增长;但纤维长度类型更加丰富,纤维长度最大值有所增加,最高强力品种的比强度值逐渐提高,90年代品种中有较细纤维类型。从中筛选出纤维长度在33mm以上,比强度在33.2cN/tex以上,纤维整齐度在87.1%以上,马克隆值在3.8-4.3之间的品种各10个,筛选出纤维品质指标综合优良的品种9个。

Fiber quality of 108 cotton varieties with Fusarium and Verticillium wilt resistance in China was analyzed. Most of the varieties had 2.5% span fiber length above 29mm, whereas a few was with less than 27mm of 2.5% span fiber length. The mean of fiber strength was low, but there were several varieties possessing high fiber strength. The fiber micronaire readings was with high average. From the 1960s to the 1990s, the fiber quality of these varieties showed unobvious progress of genetic improvement. There was no obvious increase in averages of length, strength and micronaire, but the range of fiber length was widen and the upper limit value of length and strength went up gradually. Some varieties with finer fiber appeared in the 1990s. Varieties with good fiber quality were screened out, among them, 10 varieties with 2.5% span fiber length above 33mm, 10 with fiber strength over 33. 2cN/tex, 10 with fiber uniformity over 87.1 % , 10 with 3.8 - 4.3 micronaire readings, and 9 varieties possessed good comprehensive fiber quality.