丰山铜矿岩石声学特性研究及其在采场安全预报中的应用

Study of Rock Acoustic Characteristics and Their Application in Prediction of Stope Safety in Fengshan Copper Mine

对丰山铜矿的矿岩进行声波特性研究,依据声波特性参数将矿岩的稳定性分为3类,并建立了相应采场安全性的声学监测措施。利用声波特性可以实现对岩石的稳定性进行快速判断,并以此选择采矿方法、优化采场的结构参数及支护方式。通过对井下工作面长期的声发射特性参数的监测,初步确定了丰山铜矿岩石破坏的声发射特性参数的判据。并根据观测到的声发射特性参数时间序列,应用灰色理论模型来预报采场冒顶、片帮事故,通过对多个采场的成功预报,证明该模型的有效性。同时应用声波技术和声发射技术进行开采过程的安全预报是一种新的思路,对指导地下矿山安全生产具有重要的意义。

The acoustic characteristics of different rocks and ores in Fengshan Copper Mine are studied. Accordingly, the stability of rocks is classified into three ranks. The acoustic monitoring for stope safety is set up. The stability of rocks could be quickly determined by acoustic parameters, by which it is possible to select appropriate mining method and to optimize the structure parameter of the stope and supporting pattern. According to long-term monitoring of acoustic emission characteristic in the mine pit, the criteria for determining the deterioration of the rocks could preliminarily determined. Based on the time sequence of acoustic parameters and by using grey theory, it is able to predict successfully the destabilization of the stope. The prediction is succeeded in several instances and proves the grey theory model is effective. It is a new idea and an important method for predicting the stope safety.