吸烟对不同收入人群慢性病患病的影响

Influence of smoking on the prevalence of chronic diseases among people with different income levels

目的探讨吸烟对不同经济状况人群的健康影响。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,在全国共抽取95个县、950个村(居委会),每个样本村(居委会)随机抽取60户家庭,全国共抽取55200户家庭中15～65岁男性5.93万人。结果研究发现在控制年龄、经济状况、文化程度、就业状况、工作岗位的情况下,不论农村、城镇,与从不吸烟的人相比,有吸烟史的人群慢性病患病率均高(农村OR=1.185,95%CI:1.121～1.253;城镇OR=1.083,95%CI:1.010～1.161);吸烟对农村男性患慢性病的影响(戒烟OR=2.764,95%CI:2.471～3.092)要大于城镇的相应人群(戒烟OR=2.112,95%CI:1.844～2.419);另外发现吸烟对低收入人口患慢性病的影响(城镇OR=2.076,95%CI:1.551～2.780;农村OR=2.903,95%CI:2.248～3.749)大于对高收入人口的影响(城镇OR=1.785,95%CI:1.285～2.479;农村OR=2.466,95%CI:1.941～3.134)。结论吸烟对收入低下的人群健康损害更大,应该引起重视。

Objective To explore the influence of smoking on chronic diseases among people with various income levels in China. Methods Cross-sectional study on smoking behavior,chronic disease and income level was performed using database of the Second National Health Service Study(1998) provided by the Ministry of Health in China. Results Compared to never-smokers,smokers (including current smokers and former smokers) had a higher rate of having chronic diseases,after adjusted in age,income,educational level,employment status and type of jobs with corresponding countryside( OR = 1.185 ,95% CI : 1.121- 1.253 and town OR = 1.083 ,95% CI : 1.010- 1.161 ). Smoking had a more serious effect on having chronic illness in males from the countryside (former-smoker OR = 2.764 ,95% CI : 2.471- 3.092 ) than in town (former-smoker OR = 2.112 ,95% CI : 1.844- 2.419 ). Smokers at the lowest income level had a higher possibility of having chronic illness (town OR = 2.076 ,95% CI : 1.551- 2.780 ; countryside OR = 2.903 ,95 CI : 2.248- 3.749 ) than those at the highest income level (town OR = 1.785 ,95% CI : 1.285- 2.479 in the countryside OR = 2.466 ,95% CI : 1.941- 3.134 ). Conclusion Smoking might cause more serious health problems to people at lower income level in China.