道路交通伤害的病例对照研究

A case-control study on road-related traffic injury in Shanghai

目的研究道路交通伤害中来自驾驶员生理、心理、行为等方面的危险因素及这些影响因素作用的强度。方法采用1∶1配对病例对照研究方法,对256名近期肇事司机和其对照进行EPQ问卷调查和一般情况问卷调查,并测试一系列的生理指标。结果饮食节律不正常(OR=1.815)、疲劳(OR=3.263)、消化系统疾病史(OR=3.504)、视力不良(OR=3.825)、离婚(OR=3.226)、早醒(OR=4.931)、混合性睡眠不良(OR=5.719)、简单和复杂反应时(OR=3.498,OR=2.292)、P分(OR=1.352)、E分(OR=1.439)等因素病例组和对照组间差异存在统计学意义。结论道路交通伤害与驾驶员的生理、心理及与营养相关的不良行为等因素有关,针对这些危险因素采取必要措施,可减少车祸的发生。

Objective To explore the risk factors that influencing the occurrence of road-related traffic injuries,so as to provide related bases for controlling injuries. Methods A case-control study was conducted on 256 drivers with histories of accidents and their controls.EPQ questionnaire and a self-designed questionnaire were used to collect data.Risk factors would include behaviors as driving time per day, types of vehicles, time and status of sleep,degree of education,diet habits,feeling of tiredness,alcohol intake, time of watching television before driving and marriage status.Physiological index as blood type,blood pressure,cordial,using tranquillizers,disease history,reaction time,eyesight,overweight,etc.were also tested.Conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze risk factors. Results From all these tests, risk factors which including dietetic rhythm( OR = 1.815 ),tiredness( OR = 3.263 ),history of digestive disease( OR = 3.504 ),weak eye sight( OR = 3.825 ), being divorced( OR = 3.226 ),wake up early( OR = 4.931 ),mixed insomnia( OR = 5.719 ),simple reaction time( OR = 3.498 ),complex reaction time( OR = 2.292 ),P score( OR = 1.352 ),E score( OR = 1.439 ) were noticed to be significantly important. Conclusion The occurrence of road-related injuries were related to a series of physiological,psychological and behavioral risk factors among drivers.