深圳地区支气管哮喘的流行病学调查分析

An Epidemiological Survey and Analysis of Bronchial Asthma in Shenzhen City China

目的调查深圳地区支气管哮喘的发病情况,探讨哮喘病的相关危险因素。方法采用统一的流行病学调查表格,以随机、分层、不等比、整群抽样方法,按街道、居委会进行抽样调查。结果全地区共调查6248人,其中男3156人,女3092人。哮喘病患者40例,总患病率6.40‰,其中患病率列前3位的年龄段分别为66～75岁(54‰)、56～65岁(23‰)和14～17岁(12‰)。危险及诱发因素调查发现,哮喘病患者中被动吸烟者占40%,而儿童患者在出生期间父亲吸烟者达57%;伴有过敏性鼻炎者占50%;因感冒发病者占45%,因天气变化或吸入冷空气气流突然发病者占30%,儿童患者在2年前患支气管炎者达86%。结论本次调查基本代表了深圳地区哮喘病的流行情况,以此估算深圳地区患者约2.59万人,为今后哮喘的群防群治及相关研究提供了依据。

Objective To investigate and discuss the prevalence and the relevant risk factors of bronchial asthma in Shenzhen city China.Methods We used standard scheme and questionnaire, and performed stratified-cluster-disproportional-random-sampling survey for the population of five communities.Results A total of 6 248 people were surveyed. 50.5% (3 156 of 6 248) of whom were men and 49.5% (3 092 of 6 248) were women. In this survey, forty asthma patients were found, and the overall prevalence rate was 0.64%, three groups with higher prevalence were 6675 years (54‰), 5665 years (23‰) and 1417 years (12‰) respectively. Risk factors found that among 40 asthma patients, people often exposed to secondhand smoking were reported by 40% and children exposed to their father's smoking from fetus were reported by 57%. People with asthma with allergic rhinitis were reported by 50%. The attacks were caused by common cold and changing temperature or inhaling cold air were 45% and 30% respectively. About 86% of children suffered from asthma before 2 years old. Conclusion This survey has basically reflected the distribution, frequency and intensity of asthma. The overall prevalence rate is 0.64% from which it would be estimated that there could be 25 900 asthma patients in Shenzhen city, the relavent data will provide basis for the future research, mass prevention and the treatment of asthma.