对直肠癌结肠造口患者全面康复认知与需求的调查分析

Investigation and research of rehabilitation cognition and demand of patients with rectal carcinoma after colostomy

目的了解直肠癌结肠造口患者身体、心理、社会、职业上的康复问题和实际生活中面临的困难,寻求实现患者全面康复及回归社会的方法和途径。方法采用自设问卷,调查分析51例直肠癌结肠造口患者的康复情况、对全面康复的认知与康复需求。结果直肠癌结肠造口患者术后的康复问题主要集中在造口局部护理、建立规律排便、造口用品选择、性生活困惑、职业康复方面;患者对全面康复、自我认知、职业康复、回归社会等项的认知程度较低,大部分患者对康复的关注还停留在原始的生理需要上。结论直肠癌结肠造口患者实际生活中的康复问题值得人们关注,康复护理中应根据患者生理、心理、社会、职业上的康复困难采取有效的康复干预措施,为肠造口患者建立医院-家庭-社区一体化的康复护理模式,帮助其实现生理、心理、社会的全面康复,提高生活质量。

Objective To understand physical, mental, social and occupational rehabilitation problems and difficulties appearing in real life of patients with rectal carcinoma after colostomy, and to seek the best method and way to make them realize complete rehabilitation and return to society. Methods Rehabilitation situation, cognition and demand of patients with rectal carcinoma after colostomy were investigated and analyzed with self-designed questionnaire. Results Rehabilitation problems and difficulties of patients with rectal carcinoma after colostomy mainly concentrated on local nursing, regular defecating, choosing articles, worries about sex life and occupational rehabilitation. Patients had poor cognition for complete rehabilitation, self-cogntion, occupational rehabilitation, return to society and so on, and most of them limited their concerns to primitive physical needs. Conclusion Rehabilitation problems and difficulties of patients with rectal carcinoma after colostomy should attract people's attention. During rehabilitation nursing, effective rehabilitation intervention should be taken according to patients' physical, mental, social and occupational problems, so as to establish incorporate hospital-family-community rehabilitation nursing mode, help them to realize physical, mental and social complete rehabilitation, and improve their life qualities.