论西方政治信用伦理思想的历史演变

On the historical evolution of political credit ethics in the west

在古希腊的城邦社会,政治信用伦理被视为维护政治稳定的重要价值,是城邦国家特别是统治者与臣民之间应遵循的主要德性与规范。在中世纪,政治信用伦理与神学糅合在一起,统治者与臣民之间的"政约———守信"关系,被认为是神的旨意。在文艺复兴时期,出现了一股否定政治信用伦理的非道德主义思潮。但随着社会关系由"身份到契约"的转变,随着以市场、民主与法治为基本内容的近现代文明的出现,政治信用伦理在西方民主社会得到高扬,成为西方民主政治运行的道德基础和价值根基。

In Ancient Greek city-state society, political credit ethics was regarded as the important values to maintain steady politics, and as the principal standards. In Middle Ages, political credit ethics was united with theology. It complied with the God to create the relationship between the governor and the liege just like 'political contract——faith'. In the Renaissance, the immoral thoughts of generally denying political credit ethics appeared. But with society relation changed from status to contract, and with the appearance of modern civilization including market、 democracy and law, political credit ethics in the west democratic society became the basis of morality and value and that for good running of the west democratic politics.