护士工作疲溃感与工作压力源及应对方式的相关研究

The study of burnout and work related stressors and coping strategies of nurses

目的探讨护士工作疲溃感与工作压力源及应对方式的水平及其之间的关系。方法采用问卷调查法,调查了广州市5家三级甲等综合医院的235名护士的工作疲溃感、工作压力源、应对方式及其之间的相互关系。结果护士的工作压力为2. 01,属中等水平,其首要工作压力为工作量与时间分配方面,最大压力源为工作量太大;护士的情绪疲溃感与工作无成就感均为高度,工作冷漠感为中度;护士的工作压力与情绪疲溃感及工作冷漠感密切相关,相关系数分别为0. 372和0. 363;应对方式对护士工作疲溃感有影响,积极应对有助于降低护士长的工作无成就感,消极应对可以加重情绪疲溃感、工作冷漠感和工作无成就感的产生。结论护士的工作疲溃感严重,并受工作压力及应对方式影响,建议关注护士工作压力的主要影响因素及减轻护士的非护理性工作,制定合理的人员编制方案,加强护士的专业知识培训,提高其积极应对技巧。

ObjectiveTo investigate the level of burnout, the level of work related stress and coping strategies and the impact of work related stressor and coping strategies on burnout. MethodsTwo hundred and thirty five nurses from five hospitals were included in this study. The Maslach Burnout Inventory, Nursing Job Stressor Inventory,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire was applied to evaluate the burnout, work related stress, coping strategies. Results(1) The work related stress of nurses was in the middle level.The main work related stress of nurses came from workload and time distribution. The most important work related stressor was excess workload.(2) The emotion exhaustion and decreased personal accomplishment of nurses were in the high level. Depersonalization of nurses was in the middle level.(3) This study showed that the work related stress was positively related to emotion exhaustion and depersonalization.(4) Coping strategies can influence the burnout of nurses. Active coping is helpful to the decrease of decreased personal achievement of nurses. Passive coping may fortify the emergence of emotion exhaustion,depersonalization and decreased personal achievement. ConclusionThe level of burnout of nurses was relatively high. It was influenced by work related stress, copying strategy. It is suggested to pay more attention to the cause of stress, reduce the non-nursing work, intensify the education of professional knowledge, enhance the active coping capabilities.