医院感染因素分析与对策

Nosocomial Infection: Factors Analysis and Its Strategy

目的本研究尝试揭开医院感染的危险因素,为寻求有效控制和降低医院感染提供科学依据. 方法对我院2003年1～12月住院病历4 367例进行回顾性调查. 结果 2003年医院感染345例次,感染率为7.9%;高危感染率分别为神经康复科29.2%、内分泌肾内科13.8%、甲级病房12.42%、消化内科10.84%、呼吸、心血管内科9.34%;感染部位依次是呼吸道50.43%、消化道22.61%、泌尿道18.84%、皮肤软组织2.9%、手术部位1.7%;医院感染中病原体检出96株,以革兰阴性菌为主占46.88%. 结论积极治疗基础疾病、合理使用抗生素、尽量减少侵袭性操作、缩短住院时间等是预防和控制医院感染率的有效措施.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the predisposing factors of nosocomial infection and provide the evidence for taking measures to effectively control and reduce the infection rate. METHODS A retrospective survey was carried out on 4 367 cases of hospitalized patients during Jan and Dec of 2003. RESULTS The nosocomial infection rate of hospitalized patients in this period was 7.9%(245/4 367). The high risk infected rates were respectively as follows: 29.2% in the Neurological and Rehabilitation Department,13.8% in the Endocrine and Nephropathy Department,12.42% in the super grade ward,10.84% in the Digestive System Disease Department and 9.34% in the Respiratory & Cardiovascular Diseases Department. The infected part of the body mainly occurred in respiratory tract (50.43%), digestive tract (22.61%), urinary tract (18.84%), skin soft tissue (2.9% ) and the incision site (1.7% ).In the nosocomial infection, 96 strains were detected and its main pathogens were Gram negative bacteria (46.88%). CONCLUSIONS The effective measures to control and prevent nosocomial infection should involve positive treatment for the underlying diseases, rational use of antibiotic drugs, decrease in the aggressive operations if possible and shortening the period of hospitalization.