脑血管痉挛高峰期栓塞破裂脑动脉瘤

Embolization of ruptured intracranial aneurysms during the period of cerebral vasospasm

目的分析脑血管痉挛(cerebral vasospasm,CVS)高峰期栓塞破裂脑动脉瘤的经验.方法回顾分析37例在CVS期(破裂后4～14 d)进行的血管内治疗病例资料,分析其特点.A组14例在脑血管造影上可见CVS;B组23例无CVS.除2例外,余均为破裂第4天起入院.均在治疗后3个月时进行格拉斯哥后果评分(Glasgow outcome score, GOS).结果 A组中有2例因微导管无法通过载瘤动脉而放弃,余12例成功地进行了动脉瘤栓塞和动脉内罂粟碱注射,并有3例行球囊成形术,该12例患者3个月时GOS评分优良7例、中残2例、重残1例、死亡2例.B组患者均成功地接受了栓塞术,GOS优良18例、中残2例、重残2例、死亡1例.结论 CVS期并不都伴发CVS,在CVS期进行血管内治疗并不增加危险,可同时治疗动脉瘤和伴发的CVS,可降低因等待手术而发生的院内再出血和改善CVS患者的预后.

Objective To retrospectively analyze our experience of embolization of ruptured intracranial aneurysms during the period of cerebral vasospasm (CVS). Methods Thirty-seven patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms were embolized with electrolytic detachable coils during the period of CVS (days 4 to 14). Group A included the 14 patients with angiographic CVS and group B included 23 patients without angiographic CVS. All except 2 patients were transferred to our department during the CVS period. Glasgow outcome score (GOS) was evaluated 3 months after the treatment. Results Twelve patients in group A successfully received the aneurysm embolization and treatment of the CVS with intraarterial papaverine injection and balloon angioplasty. GOS in 3 months was good recovery in 7 patients, moderate disability in 2, severe disability in 1, and dead in 2, respectively. Embolization failed in 2 patients because the microcatheters could't pass the spasmodic parent arteries. All the aneurysms in group B were successfully embolized. GOS were good recovery in 18 patients, moderate disability in 2, severe disability in 2, and dead in 1, respectively. There was no intraprocedural aneurysmal rupture but with 2 thromboembolic events. No rebleeding occurred during the mean 11 months follow-up. Conclusions The so-called “period of CVS” isn′t always associated with CVS in angiograpy. Embolization of ruptured intracranial aneurysms during the period of pure CVS doesn′t carry an increased risk. Both the aneurysms and CVS can be treated during the single procedure. It can reduce the rebleeding rate in hospital and improve the prognosis of the patients with CVS.