棉花对黄萎病的抗病机制研究进展

Research Advance on the Resistant Mechanism of Cotton against Vertici-llium Wilt

本文概述了棉花黄萎病抗性的遗传规律和特点,从寄主与病原菌识别的相互作用、组织抗性、生理生化抗性、生态抗性4个方面综述了棉花对黄萎病抗病机制的研究进展。指出真菌诱导子是寄主与病原菌识别和互作的关键因素,不同棉株的固有组织结构抗性和诱导组织结构抗性对黄萎病的抗病表现也不相同;在生理生化抗性上重点介绍了植物抗毒素、酶、糖类物质、激素与棉花抗病性的关系;阐述了棉花对黄萎病的生态抗性,即棉花根系分泌物和根系微生物与黄萎病抗性的相互作用。在这4种抗性中,生理生化抗性起主导作用,但离不开多种抗性机制的相互作用和协调。此外,作者对棉花抗黄萎病分子育种的进展作了概述,简要介绍了RFLP、RAPD、AFLP、SSR等分子标记技术和转基因技术在分子育种中的应用与所取得的进展。最后对棉花黄萎病抗性机制及棉花抗黄萎病分子育种研究的未来发展方向和重点作了展望。

In this paper, the hereditary characteristic and the resistant mechanis m of cotton against Verticillium wilt, such as the identification of the pathoge n to host, tissue resistance, physiological and biochemical resistance, ecologic al resistance were reviewed. The results showed that the fungal elicitor was the key factor of host and pathogen making each other. The inherent and inducible tissue structure resistance of different cotton plants resist to Verticillium wi lt was diverse. The relation of antitoxin, enzyme, saccharide, hormone and cotto n disease resistant in physiological biochemistry resistance was reviewed, the e cology resistance of the cotton to Verticillium wilt that was the effect of cott on root system secretion and root system microorganism with the Verticillium wil t was explained. Among of them, although the physiological biochemistry resistan ce is the dominant effect, it is related to the effect of other mechanism. In ad dition, the progress of molecular breeding of cotton resist to the Verticillium wilt, the application of molecule marker technology such as RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SS R etc. and transgenic technology in the molecule breeding were given. Finally, t he priority in resistant mechanism and the molecular breeding of cotton resisted to the Verticillium wilt in the future were prospected.