北京房山区农民1991至1999年膳食营养水平的变化

Changes of dietary nutrient intakes from 1991 to 1999 among farmers living in Fangshan district of Beijing

目的:评价20世纪90年代北京市房山区农民人群膳食营养素摄入的变化情况和趋势。方法:1991-04/1999-06在北京市房山区农民人群中对35～65岁的随机抽样样本进行膳食营养调查。应用24h膳食回忆法分别进行了1991/1992年,1995年和1999年的调查,随机样本人数分别为443人(男209人,女234人),367人(男163人,女204人)和393人(男180人,女213人)。分性别和不同年龄组对营养素的摄入变化进行比较。结果:1991/1999年,平均每人每天膳食中摄入热量和总蛋白质略升高;动物蛋白质,总脂肪,饱和脂肪酸,单不饱和脂肪酸,胆固醇,Keys分值(膳食脂质分值)变化呈一致性明显逐渐升高趋势,55～65岁男性年龄组中其升高全都有显著性意义(P<0.05),在35～54岁女性年龄组中其升高也基本都有显著性意义;碳水化合物,植物蛋白质,钠的摄入略降低,钾、钙、乙醇的变化不大。结论:北京市房山区农民9年来膳食营养摄入的变化呈增加心脑血管病尤其冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病危险因素的趋势,需要进行这方面饮食平衡的指导。

AIM:To evaluate the changes and the tendency of dietary nutrient intakes among the farmer population in Fangshan district of Beijing city in 1990s. METHODS:The survey of dietary nutrient intake to the random samples was conducted among farmers aged 35 to 65 years old living in the Fangshan district of Beijing city from April 1991 to June 1999. The method of 24-hour dietary recalls was used in the survey in 1991 to 1992, 1995 and 1999, the numbers of random samples were 443 (209 males, 234 females), 367 (163 males, 204 females) and 393 (180 males, 213 females) respectively.The changes of nutrition intake were compared between different gender and age groups. RESULTS: From April 1991 to June 1999, the mean dietary intake (each person per day) of calorie and total protein were slightly raised; In all the groups, there was an evident upward tendency in the intakes of animal protein, total fat, saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, cholesterol and the Keys score(score of dietary lipid), and the decreases were significant in males aged 55 to 65 years old (P< 0.05) and females aged 35 to 54 years old; The dietary intakes of carbohydrate, vegetable protein and sodium were slightly declined; While there were no significant changes in the intakes of potassium, calcium and alcohol. CONCLUSION: All the changes of dietary nutrient intakes in the farmers living in Fangshan district of Beijing city in the past 9 yeas show that there is an increasing tendency of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, especially the risk factors for arteriosclerotic heart disease. Instruction focused on healthy dietary behavior is needed.