社区中老年人骨质疏松症的患病危险因素调查

Risk factors of osteoporosis among middle-aged and elderly people in community

目的:分析社区中老年人骨质疏松症的患病危险因素。方法:于2003-10/11随机抽取广州市海珠区南石头街福南居委会中老年居民141人进行骨密度检查,用自制的骨质疏松症行为问卷进行基本情况和运动及钙营养摄入等相关行为调查。包括:是否每日饮用牛奶、吃豆制品和补充钙剂,以及运动量的大小。钙营养摄取具备上述一种行为或没有的为摄钙量低,具备两种以上行为者为摄钙量高。具备经常骑自行车、每周体育活动3次以上、家务劳动承担>50%或具备其中两项为运动量大,凡未达上述标准者为运动量小。采用双能X射线骨吸收仪检查腰2～4(L2～4)和股骨颈的骨密度,低于峰值骨量2SD为骨质疏松症。结果:①摄钙量低组腰椎骨质疏松症发生率高于摄钙量高组(66%比46%,χ2=5.497,P=0.019),运动量小组腰椎骨质疏松症发生率高于运动量大组(85%比25%,χ2=52.161,P=0.000),年龄大于60岁组腰椎骨质疏松症发生率高于小于60岁组(69%比48%,χ2=6.800,P=0.009)。②体质量指数小于23岁组股骨颈骨质疏松症发生率高于大于23岁组(31%比10%,χ2=9.104,P=0.003),女性绝经年限>10年组股骨颈骨质疏松症发生率高于小于<10年组(25%比9%,χ2=4.245,P=0.039)。结论:钙摄入低、少运动、高龄、绝经年限长和体质量指数低是社区中老年人骨质疏松症患病危险因?

AIM:To analyze the risk factors of osteoporosis among the middle-ged and elderly subjects in community. METHODS:Bone mineral density was tested in 141 middle-aged and elderly residents,who were randomly selected from Funan community of Nanshitou street in Haizhu district of Guangzhou city from October to November 2003.Their general information and related behaviors,such as exercise and intake of calcium nutrition,were investigated with the self-designed osteoporosis health behaviors questionnaire,which included whether had milk,bean product and calcium supplement every day,and the amount of exercise.The subjects with one or without the above behaviors of calcium intake were taken as lower calcium intake,and those with two or more the above behaviors as higher calcium intake.The subjects who often rode a bicycle,or took part in exercise for more than 3 times every week and did more than 50%of the housework,or had two of the above items were taken as large amount of exercise,and those did not accord with the above standard as small amount of exercise.The bone mineral density at lumber 2-4 (L2-4) and neck of femur was detected with dual energy X-ray bone absorptiometry (DEXA),and those of 2 standard deviations lower than the peak value of bone mass were taken as osteoporosis. RESULTS:①The incidence rate of osteoporosis at lumber was higher in the lower calcium intake group (66%) than in the higher calcium intake group(46%) (χ2=5.497,P=0.019),also higher in the small amount of exercise group (85%) than in the large amount of exercise group (25%) (χ2 =52.161,P=0.000),and higher in the above 60-year-old group (69%) than in the younger than 60-year-old group (48%) (χ2=6.800,P =0.009).②The incidence rate of osteoporosis at neck of femur was higher in the body mass index(BMI) < 23.0 group (31%) than in the BMI >23.0 group(10%) (χ2=9.104,P=0.003),also higher in the females with more than 10 post-menopausal years(25%) than in those with less than 10 years(9%) (χ2=4.245,P=0.039). CONCLUSION:Lower calcium intake,small amount of exercise,aging,longer post-menopausal years and low BMI are the risk factors of osteoporosis among the middle-aged and elderly subjects in community,and improvements of calcium intake,exercise and BMI should be reinforced for they are controllable.