古巴比伦婚姻习俗若干问题的再考察

Reflection on Some Marital Customs in the Old Babylonian Period

长期以来 ,法制史家和亚述学家分别依据《汉穆拉比法典》有关婚姻的条款和古巴比伦时期有关婚姻的文献来研究古巴比伦时期的婚姻习俗 ,然而 ,他们的研究方法以及某些结论值得商榷。童养媳、婚约、聘金以及离婚权等问题的研究表明 ,只有将《汉穆拉比法典》有关婚姻的条款与古巴比伦时期的婚姻文献相结合 ,才能研究古巴比伦时期的婚姻习俗问题。上述问题的研究还表明 ,古巴比伦妇女在婚姻中处于被动地位 。

In the past,legal historians and Assyriologists studied on the marital customs in the Old Babylonian period basing respectively on the concerned clauses of Hammurabi Laws and marital documents,but their methods and conclusions are open to question.The study on child bride,marriage contract,betrothal money and the right of divorce in the Old Babylonian period indicates that the study on the marital customs requires that the concerned clauses of Hammurabi Laws and marital documents complement and verify each other.This study also shows that women were the passive objects in marriage and commodity economy had quite an affect on marriage.