偏离与错位——对苏联文学与中国十七年文学关系的反思

Deflection and Dislocation——Reflection on the Relations between Soviet and 1949-1966 Chinese Literature

苏联文学与中国十七年文学的关系是十分密切的。在那段历史时期,社会主义现实主义和它的变种“两结合”的创作方法在中国文坛具有举足轻重的地位。这种苏式的“社会主义现实主义”,既是对现实主义的继承,又是对现实主义的偏离。“两结合”的创作方法特别突出浪漫主义的作用,强调要在文学中表现理想,因此产生了许多虚假的文学作品。这就产生了与现实主义更大的一次偏离和错位。中苏文学由于过分强调文学的认识和教育作用,从而忽视了文学的审美和娱乐作用。这给文学事业造成了许多负面影响,我们后人应该吸取历史的教训。

The relations between Soviet and 1949-1966 Chinese literature were very close. In the period of that time,the socialist realism and its variety “combination”——“combine revolutionary realism with romanticism” occupied a pivotal position. The “Socialist realism” originated from Soviet Union carried on and also deviated from the realism. The romanticism and ideals were placed even more stress in the creative method,so lots of false literary works came out ever since. Therefore,the “combination” deviated from the realism even more seriously. Much more attention was paid on the cognitive and instructive effect in Soviet and Chinese literature while the literary aesthetic and recreation effect were neglected. It exerted tremendous harmful effects. These lessons of history should be kept firmly in our mind.