罗尔斯的自由观:自由与平等结合

John Rawls' View of Freedom: Integration of Freedom and Equality

罗尔斯从人的能力结构入手考察人的自由及其根据,建构了与平等相结合的自由观,认为社会结构要根据人们的道德能力确定和调整基本自由,并对人们的自然天赋能力的社会分配进行调节。在社会的不同部分,社会调节的原则不同。与平等相结合的自由的原则确定了平等的自由及其优先性,并按照平等的自由的方式规导和影响差别原则。差别原则通过对财富分配不平等的限制,维护政治自由的公平价值。

Based on the human's capacity structure, John Rawls investigated human's freedom and its foundation. He created his view of freedom integrated with equality, thinking that social structure should ascertain and adjust the basic freedom according to human's moral capacity and adjust the social allocation of human's natural gift. The social adjusting principles vary in different social aspects. The freedom principle integrated with equality defines equal freedom and its priority. It also guides and influences difference principle in an equal and free way. The difference principle safeguards the equal value of political freedom, realizing the suitable combination of freedom and equality by restricting the unbalanced distribution of wealth.