说“夏族”——兼及夏文化研究中一些亟待解决的认识问题

On the Definition of“Xia Ethnic Group”——And Some Urgent Problems on Researching Xia Culture

作为夏文化创造者的“夏族”,是构成夏代国家主体的夏的“内服”氏族成员的统称,它包括与夏后氏同姓的诸姒姓氏族及其姻亲氏族。它们一开始都围绕在夏王所由产生的夏后氏周围,分布在古河济之间及其附近。今河南偃师二里头遗址的第三期文化层具有都邑性质,只是表明夏王朝在其发展后期一度将势力伸展至河洛地区并在此建立一个新的政治中心。目前考古界一些学者在二里头文化与夏文化之间划上等号的做法是难于理解的,因为一个已经进入文明的王朝的居民绝不会由一个单纯的族系组成。

As the creator of Xia culture,Xia ethnic group is the general designation of the clan member in the Nei-fu who constitutes the national main body of the Xia Dynasty.It includes all the clans which have the same surname with the Xia -hou and its kin by marriage.At the beginning,they are always encircling the circumference of the Xia-hou,between the ancient Yellow River and Ji River and in their neighborhood.Even though the third culture layer of Erlitou site in the Yanshi,He’nan Province have the capital character,it only indicates that at the anaphase of the Xia Dynasty they extend their force to the Heluo region and set up a new political center.As a dynasty who has ingressed civilized period,its resident can not be composed of by a simple clan in the least,so the modus operandi that some archeological scholars equal Eriitou culture with Xia culture cannot be understood.