人权的正当性与良心理论

The Justice of Human Rights and Theory of Conscience

对人权正当性的回答是达成人权真共识的前提。欧陆传统的先验式人权推定和英伦传统的经验式人权推定、自然权利理论和功利主义学说等等,都经受不起人权正当性的进一步追问。人权的正当性来自价值判断,根源于人们的内心感受和情感体验,体现了人类弥足珍贵的道德情感。作为价值判断的人权无关真假,是一种类似于真实性的要求。人权的概念产生自西方,但在儒家的良心理论中却可以找到人权本原的最佳阐释。个人主义与权利观念的缺失应该是儒家虽有丰富的良心理论而未发展出人权概念的一个重要原因。

The answer to the justice of human rights is the premise of the true common understanding on human rights. None of the theories on human rights of European aprioristic one, British empiricist one or the one base on utilitarianism can bear further inquiry of justice of human rights. The justice comes from value judgment, originates in human’s inner feeling and spiritual experience, and presents the precious morality of mankind. To say, human rights have nothing to do with true or false, but a request similar to trueness. The concept origins in the West, but we can find the best explanation on the source of human rights in the Confucian theory of conscience. The lack of individualism or idea of right must be one important reason that though there was rich theory of conscience in Confucianism, but did not develop the concept of human rights.