波普尔的“培根问题”及其解决

“Bacon’s Problem”of Popper’s and Its Resolution

“培根问题”亦即“偏见”问题。批判理性主义者波普尔是继近代英国经验论者F 培根之后第一个对此问题作深入探讨的现代哲学家。他不仅首次将内涵于培根“假相说”中关于偏见与认识的可能性和客观性的关系问题称为“培根问题”,而且提出了与培根的解决方法不同的证伪主义的解决方法。波普尔对培根问题的重新发现及其解决,使“培根问题”得以深化,使西方知识论的研究得以拓展和丰富,但他并未能使这一问题得以真正解决。培根问题的解决任重而道远。

Bacon’s problem means the problem of prejudice. Following the English empiricist Francis Bacon, Popper as a critical rationalist who first studied the problem and made it profound. Popper not only first named the problem of the relation between the possibility and the objectivity of cognition which is involved in Bacon’s “doctrine of four idolas” as “Bacon’s problem”, also he put forward a falsificationist resolution which was different from Bacon’s resolution. Popper’s finding of Bacon’s problem again and his resolution deepened the Bacon’s problem and widened the research of Western epistemology, but he didn’t really resolve the problem. The resolution of “Bacon’s problem” is a difficult and long-term project.