玉米产量和品质与生态环境的关系

Relationship between Ecological Environment and Maize Yield and Quality

玉米籽粒产量和品质决定于基因型和环境因素。本文通过山东、新疆异地互换品种和播期试验,系统比较了两生态区玉米产量和品质的差异,并分析了差异的原因。结果表明,新疆地区的玉米籽粒产量、干物质积累和蛋白质含量均高于山东。其原因主要是花后(开花到成熟这一段时间,下同)光照、花后日均光照和积温的不同。气温日较差是造成产量差异的重要因素,同时也是玉米籽粒品质形成的关键因子。影响生育期长短的主要因子是温度,较低温延长生育,较高温促进生育,进而影响产量。试验表明,通过品种和播期等调控措施可以充分利用环境资源,发挥区域优势,实现玉米优质高产。

The yield and quality of maize is mainly af fected by genetype and environment. In two different ecological districts Shand ong and Xinjiang, the experiments with two cultivars and 5 sowing times were co nducted in 2000 and 2001. The results showed that the grain yield, accumulatio n of dry matter and protein content in Xinjiang were higher than those in Shando ng. Illumination time after pollination, illumination time per day after polli nation and accumulated temperature were the main factors caused the difference. Difference in temperature between day and night in the two experiment regions w as o ne important reason that the yield and the grain quality were higher in Xinjiang than in Shandong. The total growing period of corn was effected mainly by tempe rature. The growth and development were retarded at lower temperature, and pro moted at higher temperature. The higher grain yield and better quality of maize can be obtained by different cultivars and cultivated measures.