工业生态学研究现状与展望

The current situation and prospect of the study on industrial ecology

工业生态学是一门新兴交叉学科,自诞生10多年来,其理论研究与实践活动已经取得了长足的进展。首先介绍了工业生态学的缘起,综述了目前国外工业生态学在原料与能量流动(工业代谢)、物质减量化、技术变革和环境、生命周期规划设计与评价、为环境设计、延伸生产者的责任、生态工业园(工业共生系统)、产品导向的环境策略、生态效益等主要领域的研究进展;分析了我国工业生态学的研究现状。

Industrial ecology is a new cross-discipline that has developed fast in both theory and practice in the past few decades. After a brief introduction to the origin of the discipline, it was comprehensively stated that the researches on material and energy flows (industrial metabolism), material reduction, technology innovation, life-cycle analysis and assessment, environment beneficial design (eco-design), producer's extended responsibility (product stewardship), eco-industrial parks (industrial symbiosis), product-oriented environmental policy and ecological benefit evaluation. In addition, the related theoretical approach focusing on material and energy flows and the eco-industry practice centered on eco-industrial park at home are analyzed. Then, a perspective in industrial ecology is made as follows: the international research of the industrial ecology has entered a new era, namely, theory and technology are going in the direction of being systemized, the content particularized and detailed, the applicability and popularity attended. Compared with those in the developed countries, the content, technology and practice at home are rather limited both in depth and width, characterized by following-up and shortage of breakthroughs. At the end, based on the international development and our development at home, a research framework that includes theory, policy and application is given, and major research fields and contents are put forward.