先秦丧服制度中的性别等级地位差异问题初探

Difference in Gender Estate and Status under the Mourning Apparel System in Pre-Qin Times

丧服制度是中国古代丧葬礼俗文化的一个重要组成部分,作为一项与先秦宗法制互为表里的社会制度,先秦时期的丧服制度是在确保父系(夫系)家族利益优先的前提下,对女性在服制内应享有的权利和义务普遍采取“压降”的办法加以限制,甚至剥夺,这必然导致先秦服制中性别等级地位的不平等。先秦服制中性别等级地位的差异,正是先秦统治者将“亲亲”、“尊尊”、“长长”以及“男女有别”等一套宗法制精神“外化”于丧礼服饰中的表现。其目的在于维系和巩固父权家长制的统治和宗法家族社会的稳定。

The mourning apparel system is an important part of funeral culture in ancient China, which is in harmony with the patriarchy system. Under the presupposition that has ensured the father-oriented family system, some degrading methods are adopted to restrict or deprive women's rights and duties in the “Wu Fu” system. Rulers in Pre-Qin times endow this father-oriented system in “Wu Fu” system and aims to maintain and strengthen the rule of patriarchy.