注意缺陷多动障碍儿童认知功能的对照研究

Cognitive Function in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Subtypes

目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍各亚型的认知功能。方法:对113名8-12岁注意缺陷多动障碍男童与83名正常儿童采用威斯康星卡片分类测验进行对照研究。结果:ADHD各型儿童的分类次数和概括力水平均低于对照组,并以混合型最低,而注意冲动型与混合型的持续性反应与持续性错误均明显高于对照组。在控制智力因素后,仍存在显著性差异。在ADHD各亚型间,以混合型最明显,其次为注意障碍型,三型之间除非持续性错误外,主要指标比较无显著性差异。结论:ADHD儿童存在认知功能损害,且不同亚型之间的损害程度不同。

Objective: The aim was to evaluate deficits of executive functions in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) classified by types (combined type , predominantly inattentive type , predominantly hyperactive -impulsive type ). Methods: 113 children fulfilled ADHD criteria of DSM-Ⅳ and 83 normal control children were administered the Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST), Children with ADHD were divided into three groups: predominantly inattentive type (54 cases);predominantly hyperactive -impulsive type (25 cases);and combined type( 34 cases). Results: On the WCST, we found children with ADHD presented significantly more impairments than normal controls. children with the combined subtype (ADHD-C) and the predominantly inattentive subtype (ADHD-I) presented significantly more preservative errors and non-preseverative errors than did control subjects. In the subtypes, children with the combined type (ADHD-C) presented most impairments. Conclusion: Our data suggested that children with ADHD has different cognitive impairments among ADHD subtypes.