西方马克思主义“实践”概念的历史流变

Historical Changes of Western Marxist Philosophical Practice

马克思在继承前人的基础上以“实践”为中介将主客体统一了起来,但同时却造成了实践概念内部客观制约性和人的主体能动性的逻辑张力。西方马克思主义在特定的历史条件下继承了马克思的“实践”理论,却由于时代的限制片面地强调了主体能动性的作用,形成了所谓的人本主义马克思主义。西方马克思主义关于马克思“实践”概念的理解,在理论批判的指向、理论预设以及对于主客体关系的理解方面在不同的阶段具有不同的特点。

Marx unified Subject and Object with the concept of 'Practice' based on succeeding the latest production. But at the same time, there's a conflict between Objective Conditionality and Subjective Initiative in the concept of 'Practice'. The Western Marxism had inherited Marx's concept and theory of 'Practice' under special historical conditions, but they had unilaterally emphasized the action of Subjective Initiative because of the limitation of their ages, and now we call this wing of theory after 'Marxist Humanism'. As to understand the Marx's concept of 'Practice', each Western Marxist had different thoughts respectively at the theory's critical aim, theory's preconcerted viewpoint and the understanding of the relations between Subject and Object, and there were different characteristics in different moments, too.