当代民族认同危机之反思——以加拿大为例

Reflections on the Contemporary National Identity Crisis——The Example of Canada

文章对当代民族认同危机进行理论的反思,并且以加拿大为个案进行实证考察,同时就如何摆脱这种困境提出可能的路径。文章认为,当代民族认同危机首先归咎于传统上占据主流的、带有浓厚种族主义色彩的同化主义;其次是当下流行的、包容但却有内在分裂倾向的多元文化主义;再次则是作为全球性整合力量代言人美国化的冲击。全球化时代的民族认同较以往更具反思性和开放性。对于加拿大等国而言,温和的世界民族主义不失为可供尝试的选择:它既为少数族裔的身份开辟了空间,也为它们建构文化认同提供了契机,同时还呼应了全球化进程。

In this paper, the author offers theoretical reflections on contemporary national identity, conducts empirical studies of the case of Canada, and attempts to put forward a possible solution. He argues that, first, serious racist assimilationism which was the mainstream in traditional accounts for the crisis; second, tolerant but internally divisive multiculturalism that is highly popular at present, and; third, Americanization, as the major global integrating force, have all played a part in the crisis. National identity assumes more reflectivity and openness in the global age. For Canada and other nations, moderate cosmopolitanism-nationalism is a possible alternative; it not only opens up space for ethnic identity, but also provides an opportunity to construct a cultural identification at the same time that it responds to the call of globalization.