回到道德现象本身——康德道德形而上学的论证方法初探

Go Back to Moral Phenomena Themselves: On Kant's Reasoning Methods of Moral Metaphysics

在康德理性的道德形而上学的建构过程中,两种论证方法即分析法和综合法起到了重要的作用。他首先用分析法从普通人的相互混杂的道德认识中逐步分离出纯粹的道德现象和原则,力图给真正的道德哲学奠基。随后他又用综合法来论证道德律的实在性并使它在经验世界中能得到现实的应用,以说明纯粹的道德原则并非人的主观臆造。两种方法相互依赖,相辅相成,共同支撑起道德形而上学的大厦。

There are two reasoning methods, namely the analytical method and the synthetical method, which are important for the construct of Kant's moral metaphysics. By the analytical method, he abstracted firstly the pure moral phenomena and principle from the common tangly moral understanding in order to lay a foundation to the real moral philosophy. Then he guaranteed the substantiality of moral law and applied it to the experiencial world by synthetica method, so as to argue that moral principle was not the subjective fabrication. The two methods rely on each other and sustain the edifice of moral metaphysics.