基于无线通信的人机协同车间数字化制造模式

Wireless-Communication-Based Man-Machine-Cooperative Mode for Shop Floor Digitalizing Manufacture

网络环境下的数字化制造的成功与否不仅取决于企业上层管理的数字化和信息化,也取决于车间底层的数字化和信息化。后者在一定意义上更加困难:普通机床造成信息盲区,车间布线困难,调度的不确定性等,传统的FMS排斥人的参与,文章提出一种基于无线通信技术的人机协同车间数字化制造模式:它是一个三层结构,即基于有线和无线局域网的管理层、掌握车间数字助理的现场调度员层和采用掌上数控系统的数控机床和普通机床的设备层;车间数字助理通过802.11x和管理层与设备层通信;数控系统由掌上部分和嵌入机床的固定部分组成,彼此通过蓝牙通信。采用WindowsCE.NET作为车间数字助理和数控系统的操作系统平台。采用人机协同的多Agent调度策略。新的数控系统把以机器为中心的操作模式改为以人为中心,一人能同时操作多台不同类型的数控机床,构成一个人机协同工作的加工单元,比传统的FMS更灵活、更可靠。

The success of digitalizing manufacturing is not only determined upon the digitalizing and infomationizing of the up layer of enterprises administration, but is also determined upon the digitalizing and infomationizing of the bottom shop floor layer. In certain aspects, the latter is more difficult than the former: The non-CNC machine tools form an information blind area; the difficult to build up a wired network in the exiting shop floor; the uncertainty in scheduling and so on. A man-machine-cooperrating digitalizing manufacturing mode for shop floor which is based on the wireless technology is presented in this project. It is composed of a three-layer-hierachical network architecture, including the shop floor administration layer based on a wired and wireless mixed network; the layer of schedulers who are equipped with shop floor PDA and the equipment layer composed of CNC and non-CNC machine tools. The shop floor PDA layer communicates with the shop administration layer and the equipments layer via an 802.11x wireless network. The CNC machine tools are operated by an innovative kind of CNC system which is named as Palm CNC. The innovative CNC system is composed of two parts, one is the Palm CNC, and the other is the embedded controller installed on the CNC machine tool, each other communicate via the Bluetooth or wireless protocol and interface. The Windows CE.Net is selected as the operating platform for the shop floor PDA and the CNC system. The man-machine-cooperative and Multi-Agent scheduling strategy is adopted. Instead of the traditional machine oriented operating fashion of CNC machine tools, the innovative CNC system is human oriented. Up to seven different kinds of machine tools can be operated by only one worker at the same time. It creates a man-machine-cooperative flexible manufacturing cell (MMC-FMC), which is more agile and more reliable than the traditional FMC and FMS.