废水土地处理技术在沙地生态工程建设中的应用

Application of Wastewater Land Treatment Technique to the Construction of Ecological Engineering in Sand Land

研究在库布其沙地植被快速恢复中利用慢速渗滤土地处理技术实现电厂废水无害化、资源化的可行性.土地处理系统植物为乔木、灌木与牧草,分别选取新疆杨(PopulusalbaVar Pyramidalisbunge)、沙棘(Hippophaerhamnoides)与黄花草木樨(Melilotussuaveolens) .设计了高(H ,30 0 0mm布水)、中(M ,1 5 0 0mm)和低(L ,移栽时少量布水) 3个水力负荷实验区.运行结果说明,电厂废水的预处理采用沉淀池和贮水塘的组合,净化功能好,出水可作为植物的灌溉用水.试验结果表明,M区和H区新疆杨树冠体积为L区(对照)的1 . 0 7倍和2 . 2 1倍;草木樨的年产量为L区的2 33倍和3 0倍;沙棘株高为L区的1 0 8倍和1 32倍.在设计的3个水力负荷中,植物的生长状况与水力负荷呈明显正相关关系.高水力负荷不会对作物的品质造成影响,H区草木樨中的重金属含量(Cd 0 . 0 2 1mg/kg、Pb <0 . 0 0 1 mg/kg、Cr <0 . 0 1mg/kg、As 0 . 0 4 3mg/kg)远远低于粮食、蔬菜的食品标准,因此牧草饲用是安全的.废水在本地区是一种宝贵的资源,合理开发利用,对于生态建设和高效农牧业的发展可产生重要的经济效益和生态效益.

In this paper a studies on the feasibility of harmlessness and resource of wastewater, which was discharged from a thermal power plant, by using slow rate filtration of land treatment technique for the fast recovery of vegetation in the Kubuqi sand land were carried out. The selected arbor, shrub and herbage in the land treatment system were poplar (Populus alba Var. Pyramidalis bunge), seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) and sweet clover (Melilotus suaveolens) respectively. Three levels of wastewater hydraulic loading were designed in the field pilot experiment. They were high plot with 3000 mm/a irrigation (H), medium plot with 1500mm/a irrigation (M) and low plot (L) with small volume of irrigation only used in the period of transplant seedlings. The performance indicate that the purification function of power plant wastewater by pre-treatment through combination of precipitation pool with storage ponds is effective and therefore the effluent after pretreatment can be used to irrigation vegetation. The experiment results show that the volume of tree crown for poplar in H plot and M plot was up to 1.07 and 2.21 times comparing with L plot respectively. The annual yield (dry weight) of sweet clover in H plot and M plot was up to 2.33 and 3.0 times comparing with L plot respectively. The height of seabuckthorn in H zone and M plot was up to 1.08 and 1.32 times comparing with L plot respectively. There is direct proportion between growth status of vegetation and hydraulic loading of irrigation. The contents of heavy metals for sweet clover (Cd 0.021 mg/kg、Pb<0.001 mg/kg、Cr <0.01mg/kg、As 0.043mg/kg) are much lower than the food standards of grain and vegetables, therefore the sweet clover for raising livestock is safe. Wastewater in this area is valuable source. Its reasonable utilization can contribute important benefits in economy and ecology in the ecological construction and developing effective agriculture and animal husbandry.