自禁之又自紊之——朱元璋委政宦官之实

Emperor Zhu Made it and Destroyed it Himself ——The Action of the Eunuchs Interfering in the State Affairs

鉴于历代宦寺之祸,朱元璋曾多次发表关于宦官干政的见解,同时强调其严禁宦官干政的主张,洪武十七年铸铁牌“内臣不得干预政事,预者斩”立于宫中,成为朱元璋严禁宦官干政的象征。与之相左,三十余年间朱元璋又不间断地派宦官出使、观方略、从事茶马贸易、监督税收及参与刑狱等活动,诚如《明会要》所载,朱元璋是“自禁之又自紊之”。朱元璋的禁紊之举,暴露了其以内制外、内外相制的潜在意识,为明代中央辅政体制朝双轨制发展铺垫了道路。

TIn the view of the harm of the eunuchs interfering in the state affairs of past dynasties, emperor Zhu published the idea for many times, and emphasized on it once more. In seventeen years (Hong Wu), an iron sign was located in the palace, written, 'The eunuch is forbidden in political affairs, or he would be killed.' which can be seen as a symbol of forbidding the eunuchs to interfere in political affairs during zhuyuanzhang's reign.Against it, emperor Zhu entrusted the eunuchs with going home and abroad, undertaking tea and horse trade, and supervison tax revenues, and taking part in prison affairs, etc. just as 'the summary of Ming dynasty' recorded 'Emperor Zhu made it and destroyed it himself'. This action reflected his potential view, that is the officials and the eunuchs restrained each other. At the same time this policy make it possible to convert Ming central political system into double track system.