教育与人的发展新论

Education and Human Beings' Development:A New Perspective

人的发展与自然界的一般发展变化以及动物的生长发展之间有联系亦有区别。人的生长发展的特殊性在于:人类的发展在一定程度上已经超越了遗传物质的制约,人的生长发展是一个自觉的过程,人在其生长发展过程中是自决的。由于这些特殊性而形成的复杂性和不可控制、不可重复、不可精确预测等特性,决定了人的发展不同于自然界的一般发展变化。人的教育活动与人改造自然的行动也有着根本的区别。人的发展是在个体、群体和类等许多层次上同时进行着的,教育活动也在这些层次上进行,并对人的发展有着重要的影响。人的存在方式本身就有着个人存在和社会存在的二重性质,人通过教育而成为人的过程,本质上也是人的二重存在方式实现统一的过程。

There exist links and differences between human beings' development and the general development of nature and animal world. Human beings' development is characterized by the fact that it is a conscious process which has surpassed the limitations of genetic materials to certain extent. In their growth, human beings play the decisive role. However, the complicatedness, uncontroUability and unpredictability caused by the said special features make human beings' development different from the general change of the nature. Similarly, human beings' educational activities are substantially different from their behaviors to remake the nature. Human beings' development takes place at various levels of individuals, groups and categories, and educational activities are also taken at similar levels to exert important influences upon the development of human beings. Furthermore, the way of human beings' existence itself has both individual and social natures. Human beings' improvement of themselves through receiving education is actually the process of integrating the two ways of existence.