西部地区义务教育阶段校际均衡发展的制度建设——以贵阳市为例

On the System Construction for the Inter-school Balanced Development of Nine-year Compulsory Education in the Western Areas

当前,我国基础教育不仅存在区域差别和城乡差别,还存在同一区域内校际之间硬件条件和生源状况的差距以及教师待遇差距。义务教育学校之间办学水平的差距,直接导致学生所接受教育质量的差距和学生发展机会上的不平等。实现西部义务教育校际均衡发展,关键在于制度建设。贵阳市在这方面进行了一些尝试,主要措施包括:改造初中薄弱校;推进中小学标准化制度建设;推进小学升初中、初中升高中的招生方式改革;加强农村中小学和农民工子女学校建设;完善校长职级制度和教师聘用制度。

In addition to the existing regional and urban-rural gaps among schools of basic education, there are also some other differences among schools in the same region in terms of school facilities, source of students and treatment of teachers. The differences of management level and teaching quality among schools offering compulsory education has directly resulted in the unfairness and inequality in children's access to compulsory education and self development. The key link for the balanced development of schools in offering compulsory education in the western areas of China lies in the system construction. The educational authority in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province has made beneficial exploration and taken effective measures to improve the facilities of those disadvantaged junior secondary schools, promote the development of the criteria for the standardization of primary and secondary schools, reform the enrollment practice of primary and secondary schools, reinforce the construction of primary and secondary schools in rural areas and schools for the children of those casual laborers in urban areas, and improve the position system of principals and employment system of teachers.