口吃的诊断与矫治

Diagnosis and Treatment on Stuttering

口吃是一种通常产生于儿童期的言语流畅性障碍。口吃的平均人口流行率(prevalence)大约1%,儿童口吃的发生率约为5%,几乎80%的口吃儿童到16岁时自发地恢复了流畅性。口吃的病因是有争论的。当前主流的理论认为口吃主要是一种神经生理功能障碍,这种障碍干扰了言语产生所要求的精确的时间进程,但生理障碍本身受多种因素的影响。言语治疗是当前口吃治疗的主流,本文也介绍了一些口吃治疗方法,例如:延迟听觉反馈、计算机辅助训练、药物治疗等有助于放慢言语速度和控制其它的言语机制。

Stuttering is a disorder of speech fluency that usually occurs in childhood. An average prevalence of stuttering is approximately 1% of the population, and an incidence of stuttering in childhood is about 5%. Almost 80% of children who stutter recover fluency by the age of 16. The etiology of stuttering is controversial. The prevailing theories refer stuttering as measurable neurophysical dysfunctions that disrupt the precise timing required to produce speech, which is in itself influenced by multiple factors. Speech therapy is currently the mainstay of stuttering treatment. Some treatment approaches, such as delayed auditory feedback, computer-assisted training and medicine treatment are all conducive to slow down speech speed and control other speech mechanisms.